Genetic Origins

This is a map of my autosomal (mixed male and female DNA, from both parents) genetic origins.  While we inherit 50% of this DNA from each parent, what we inherit varies from what our siblings inherit.  Thus, brothers and sisters (other than identical twins) can have differing mixes.



Roger de Martin is my first cousin on my mother's side, so it seems likely that my "Middle Eastern" origins are from that side of the family, not my father's side. (The 17% of Roger's mix not shown here is Native American and East Asian, from his mother.)

Looking at the same map for my Mom confirms this, since my Dad's map has only the blobs centered over England and Switzerland.  Interestingly she also has a small Scandinavian component, and neither one shows the small "Eurasian Heartland" 2% origin that I have.    




In addition, our German (surname) male line DNA (passed only from fathers to sons)  has been identified as Haplogroup G.  This primary mutation appears to have arisen in Iran or western Asia (the Caucasus)  around 27,000 years ago and to have spread from there.  

The heaviest concentrations of Haplogroup G populations living today are in southern Russia and Georgia along the eastern shore of the Black Sea  (11% - 74%). Roughly 5% of the European population exhibits this primary mutation.

Famous members of Haplogroup G include Joseph Stalin, King Richard III, and Otzi the Iceman.

Link to Haplogroup G project and newsletters.  Also G news.

There are two primary subgroups of Haplogroup G, known as G1 and G2.  G1 men are concentrated in the Middle East significantly around Iran, Turkey and the Caucasus; the majority of European men in the G haplogroup are G2.  It is speculated that G2 was a later mutation significantly spread northward into Europe by the Romans.  Sardinia has the highest European concentration of Haplogroup  subgroup G2.

My specific G2a1-L293 Y-DNA results.

Our current sub-categorization of G2a1-L293 is G-FGC693 (formerly G2a1a1, also known as G-P16) as of 6/7/2015; these change as further research is done. Our ancient direct male lineage apparently arose in the north Caucasus region around 10,000 years ago and are most heavily concentrated today in North Ossetia:

G2a1-L293.  All G2a1 (L293) men so far have the 10 value at marker DYS392 — rarely seen in G except in L293 men. The subgroup P16 is found in high percentages in the central Caucasus Mountains area and is rare elsewhere. Small clusters are found among Ashkenazi Jews, some eastern Europeans and among Maronite Christians in Lebanon (Nasidze data in YHRD database, G project, Haber, Balanovsky and data). The Rootsi study — using STR marker differences — calculated the coalescence age estimate for P16 at 9,400 years ago.

https://sites.google.com/site/extendedgtree/

More on the Geographic Locations of the FGC693 Subgroup Men

In its totality, FGC693 is most concentrated in the central Caucasus area and in locations 
south of there.  Elsewhere, these men comprise a tiny part of the population.  Men who cannot be assigned to a FGC693 subgroup among available samples are mostly from the Republic of Georgia.  But diverse locations, such as Turkey, Spain, England and Uzbekistan are noticeable, as well as from the north Caucasus.  Research studies have found small numbers of P16 men among eastern European Roma (Gypsies) and as far away as the Xibe ethnic group of China.

Berger et al. in 2013 indicated they found about 3% P16 men among G men in a large sampling of Austrian population, and in totality P16 was less than a half of one percent of the total European population.

YCA=21,21 men are overwhelmingly Ashkenazi Jews with reported ancestry involving n.e.
Europe.  There is one man, by exception among them with Austrian ancestry. 

Received 8/22/2012: DYS505=9, also confirming G2a1a1

Received 9/26/2012: DYS511=10  

YCA=21,21

However in June 2015 the administrator of Family Tree DNA's G-Haplogroup project wrote this:

Hi Doug, 

Sorry for the delay in replying to your email. I don't think we can conclude that your ancestor may have been Ashkenazi Jewish based on your test results. The Jewish group belongs to the G-FGC1160 subclade, while you are negative for this SNP. That means there are thousands of years between you and that group. Your positions in the STR and SNP trees of G2a1 are also outside of this group. 



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